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Various types of Minié balls. The four on the right are provided with Tamisier ball grooves for aerodynamic stability. James H. Burton's 1855 Minié ball design (.58 caliber, 500 grains) from the Harpers Ferry Armory. The Minié ball, or Minie ball, is a type of hollow-based bullet designed by Claude-Étienne Minié for muzzle-loaded, rifled ...
Paper cartridge, Minié ball undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing: Caliber.58 (14.7320 mm) Action: Percussion lock: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute: Muzzle velocity: 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) Effective firing range
Model 1863 Springfield rifled musket and Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon Springfield and Enfield actions. The Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon was a short-barrel version (610 mm or 24 inches) of the Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled musket, having a faster rifling twist rate (1:48 versus 1:78), along with more rifling grooves (five grooves versus the Pattern 1853's three grooves), which made it as ...
Paper cartridge, Minié ball undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing: Caliber.58 (14.7320 mm) Action: Maynard tape primer/percussion lock: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute: Muzzle velocity: 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) Effective firing range
Paper cartridge, Minié ball undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to get grip of the grooves when firing: Caliber.58 (14.7320 mm) Action: Percussion lock: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 4 rounds per minute: Muzzle velocity: 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) Effective firing range
The fourth type for the "Coffee Mill" gun looks like the standard Type III at first, but is slightly larger in diameter. According to "Round Ball to Rim Fire part 1" by Dean S. Thomas, in 1863 there is also mention of a .69 caliber version of the Williams bullet, but none were ever purchased by the US Ordnance Department.
The Model 1865 fired a rimfire .58-60-500 cartridge (.58 inch 500-grain (32 g) bullet, 60 grains (3.9 g) of black powder), the caliber matching that of the Civil War Minié ball, which was originally used in these rifles. The Model 1865 quickly became obsolete, and most of them were sold in the 1870s to several American arms dealers.
The Mississippi rifle was originally produced in .54 caliber, using 1:66 rifling and no provision for fixing a bayonet. In 1855, the Mississippi rifle was changed to .58 caliber, so that it could use the .58 caliber Minie Ball that had recently become standard. Many older Mississippi rifles were re-bored to .58 caliber.