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Because steroid hormones are powerful drivers of gene expression in certain cancer cells, changing the levels or activity of certain hormones can cause certain cancers to cease growing, or even undergo cell death. Surgical removal of endocrine organs, such as orchiectomy and oophorectomy can also be employed as a form of hormonal therapy.
The excess hormone secretion is considered detrimental to the normal body homeostasis. [3] This hormone production typically results in a set of signs and symptoms that are called a paraneoplastic syndrome. [2] Some clinical syndromes caused by ectopic hormone production include:
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a proteinaceous hormone and a member of the parathyroid hormone family secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. It is occasionally secreted by cancer cells (for example, breast cancer , certain types of lung cancer including squamous-cell lung carcinoma ).
A hormone-sensitive cancer, or hormone-dependent cancer, is a type of cancer that is dependent on a hormone for growth and/or survival. If a tumor is hormone-sensitive, it means that there are special proteins called receptors on cells surface. When the hormone bind the matched receptor, it results in growth and spread of cancer cells.
Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins play a key role in cancer cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting possible involvement in carcinogenesis. [59] Hormones are important agents in sex-related cancers such as cancer of the breast, endometrium, prostate, ovary, and testis, and also of thyroid cancer and bone ...
Research to understand how hormones influence the growth of cancer cells has prompted researchers to find new ways to use drugs to prevent and treat hormone receptor-positive cancer cells by limiting the production of sex hormones. [7] These methods of hormone suppression have opened the door for pioneering new cancer chemoprevention drugs. [7]
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