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  2. Norm of reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_of_reciprocity

    It encourages individuals to recognise that withholding reciprocity often exacts a heavy toll on the well-being of a relationship, ultimately hindering its potential for mutual growth and connection. The R-Model is a Biopsychosocial model, a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology , psychology , and ...

  3. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Mutualism is an interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity. Similar interactions within a species are known as co-operation. Mutualism may be classified in terms of the closeness of association, the closest being symbiosis, which is often confused with mutualism.

  4. Mutualism (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)

    Despite a different definition between mutualism and symbiosis, they have been largely used interchangeably in the past, and confusion on their use has persisted. [6] Mutualism plays a key part in ecology and evolution. For example, mutualistic interactions are vital for terrestrial ecosystem function as:

  5. Cooperation (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)

    In evolution, cooperation is the process where groups of organisms work or act together for common or mutual benefits. It is commonly defined as any adaptation that has evolved, at least in part, to increase the reproductive success of the actor's social partners. [1]

  6. Social grooming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_grooming

    There are a variety of proposed mechanisms by which social grooming behavior has been hypothesized to increase fitness.These evolutionary advantages may come in the form of health benefits including reduction in disease transmission and stress levels, maintenance of social structures, and direct improvement of fitness as a measure of survival.

  7. Reciprocal liking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_liking

    Feelings of admiration, affection, love, and respect are characteristics for reciprocal liking between the two individuals. [3] When there is reciprocal liking there is strong mutual attraction or strong mutual liking, but with others there is not. The feelings of warmth and intimacy also play a role.

  8. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...

  9. Reciprocity (social psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(social...

    When employees reciprocate positive actions, such as providing support, sharing information, or acknowledging achievements, it contributes to a culture of mutual respect and cooperation. Practicing social reciprocity in the workplace can strengthen interpersonal relationships, recognized as a social norm within employees of the same status. [41]