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Unix directories do not contain files. Instead, they contain the names of files paired with references to so-called inodes, which in turn contain both the file and its metadata (owner, permissions, time of last access, etc., but no name). Multiple names in the file system may refer to the same file, a feature termed a hard link. [1]
Early Unix filesystems were referred to simply as FS.FS only included the boot block, superblock, a clump of inodes, and the data blocks.This worked well for the small disks early Unixes were designed for, but as technology advanced and disks grew larger, moving the head back and forth between the clump of inodes and the data blocks they referred to caused thrashing.
File system Creator Year of introduction Original operating system; DECtape: DEC: 1964 PDP-6 Monitor OS/3x0 FS: IBM: 1964 OS/360: Level-D DEC: 1968 TOPS-10: George 3 ICT (later ICL) 1968 George 3: Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) Bell Labs: 1972 Version 6 Unix: RT-11 file system DEC: 1973 RT-11: Disk Operating System GEC: 1973 Core Operating ...
tmpfs – in-memory temporary file system (on Unix-like platforms) sysfs – a virtual file system in Linux holding information about buses, devices, firmware, filesystems, etc. debugfs – a virtual file system in Linux for accessing and controlling kernel debugging; configfs – a writable file system used to configure various kernel ...
A file's type can be identified by the ls -l command, which displays the type in the first character of the file-system permissions field. For regular files, Unix does not impose or provide any internal file structure; therefore, their structure and interpretation is entirely dependent on the software using them. [2]
Source code (e.g., the kernel source code with its header files). /usr/X11R6: X Window System, Version 11, Release 6 (up to FHS-2.3, optional). /var: Variable files: files whose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system, such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files. /var/cache: Application cache data.
"Everything is a file" is an approach to interface design in Unix derivatives. While this turn of phrase does not as such figure as a Unix design principle or philosophy, it is a common way to analyse designs, and informs the design of new interfaces in a way that prefers, in rough order of import:
This category contains articles related to file systems and supporting technology that is a part of the Unix and Unix-like operating systems Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.