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Symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid heart rate, and cardiac arrest. [1] If symptoms have not occurred within six hours of exposure they are unlikely to occur. [2] TCA overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. [2]
The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and are potentially fatal. [4] [5] [2] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate; usually without a fever. [2] Symptoms in moderate cases include high body temperature, agitation, increased reflexes, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils, and diarrhea.
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease, trauma, or the use of certain types of drugs. It may also be of unknown cause.
A human adult exhibiting voluntary control over his iris muscles, where he can cause his pupil to dilate and constrict on command. A dilation response , is the widening of the pupil and may be caused by adrenaline; anticholinergic agents; stimulant drugs such as MDMA, cocaine, and amphetamines; and some hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD). [3]
Exposure can be from drinking, breathing in the vapors, or skin exposure. [4] The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to the buildup of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. [2] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and can be confirmed by measuring butyrylcholinesterase activity in the blood. [2]
The researchers behind the study on fluoxetine pollution are calling for enhanced policies and regulations to minimize pharmaceutical pollution and reduce the threats to aquatic life.
Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, migraines, or surgery. [8] It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis. [9] [10] It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously ...
Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .