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  2. List of physical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants

    The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured. Many of these are redundant, in the sense that they obey a known relationship with other physical ...

  3. Template:Physical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Physical_constants

    It gives the most recent values published, and will be updated when newer values become available, which is typically every four years. The values have been updated to the CODATA 2022 values. This includes the 2019 revision of the SI , which made the values of several constants exact (e.g. e ), whereas some previously exactly defined constants ...

  4. Planck's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck's_law

    The Sun's radiation is that arriving at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). As can be read from the table, radiation below 400 nm, or ultraviolet, is about 8%, while that above 700 nm, or infrared, starts at about the 48% point and so accounts for 52% of the total. Hence only 40% of the TOA insolation is visible to the human eye.

  5. Radiation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_constant

    Radiation constant may refer to: The first and second radiation constants c 1 and c 2 – see Planck's Law; The radiation density constant a – see Stefan ...

  6. Radioactive decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay

    where N 0 is the value of N at time t = 0, with the decay constant expressed as λ [34] We have for all time t: + = =, where N total is the constant number of particles throughout the decay process, which is equal to the initial number of A nuclides since this is the initial substance.

  7. Physical constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant

    A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore must be measured experimentally. It is distinct from a mathematical constant , which has a fixed numerical value, but does not directly involve any physical measurement.

  8. Moseley's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moseley's_law

    [1] [2] Until Moseley's work, "atomic number" was merely an element's place in the periodic table and was not known to be associated with any measurable physical quantity. [3] In brief, the law states that the square root of the frequency of the emitted X-ray is approximately proportional to the atomic number : ν ∝ Z . {\displaystyle {\sqrt ...

  9. Planck constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant

    The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by , [1] is a fundamental physical constant [1] of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.