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Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease, also known as pseudogout and pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a rheumatologic disease which is thought to be secondary to abnormal accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within joint soft tissues. [1] The knee joint is most commonly affected. [2]
Crystal arthropathy is a class of joint disorder (called arthropathy) that is characterized by accumulation of tiny crystals in one or more joints. Polarizing microscopy and application of other crystallographic techniques have improved identification of different microcrystals including monosodium urate , calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate ...
Gout (/ ɡ aʊ t / GOWT [7]) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, [2] [8] caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. [9]
Gout in foot joints is most common, with gout often affecting the big toe joint. However, other joints can be affected as well, particularly those in the lower body. For example, gout in ankles or ...
It is composed of 270 bones at the time of birth, [2] but later decreases to 206: 80 bones in the axial skeleton and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. 172 of 206 bones are part of a pair and the remaining 34 are unpaired. [3] Many small accessory bones, such as sesamoid bones, are not included in this.
The other group is the so-called corrective intervention, i.e. an intervention done after destruction has taken place. [13] Among the corrective interventions are joint replacements, removal of loose bone or cartilage fragments, and a variety of interventions aimed at repositioning and/or stabilizing joints, [14] such as arthrodesis.
The bones become fragile and deformed over time as a result. Orthopedic pathology, also known as bone pathology is a subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and feature of many bone diseases, specifically studying the cause and effects of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
DNA analysis confirmed the bone fragments were from humans and also that some were linked to the same person or a family member. Tests of animal bones found nearby suggest that the climate was ...