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Satellite imagery over Iran from 1984 to 2014 revealing Lake Urmia's diminishing surface area. A number of natural lakes throughout the world are drying or completely dry owing to irrigation or urban use diverting inflow. [1] [2]
Falling water levels in lakes and rivers across the globe have caused great concern among climate experts, and they have also led people to stumble upon a range of newly uncovered relics, from ...
It is also possible that the inflow into an open lake could decrease so much that any outflow would dry the lake up completely; that is, the open lake would become a closed lake. The only lake that is currently an open lake for which there is any evidence of a closed lake existing in the same location in the past is Lake Malawi in Africa.
Tulare Lake was nearly dry by the early 20th century. Swedish naturalist Gustav Eisen, who crossed the lake by steamboat in 1878 and undertook an excavation of Sand Ridge probably that same year, celebrated the desiccation. [21] He wrote, In my opinion the drying up of Tulare Lake is a good thing.
The lake continued to dry up, exposing more lake bed known as playa, and sending nearby communities clouds of toxic dust. [44] A haze incorporating pesticide plumes, exhaust fumes, factory emissions, and the vaporized dust from the lake regularly hangs over the communities in the valley. [ 45 ]
In 2002, the lake was designated as a site for conservation under the Ramsar Convention. [6] [7] [8] By December 2015, the lake had completely dried up, leaving only a few marshy areas. [9] [4] [3] Despite the lake rebounding from two previous recorded drying instances, as of 2016, the lake's recovery is considered unlikely. [10]
The dry season greatly increases drought occurrence, [39] and is characterized by its low humidity, with watering holes and rivers drying up. Because of the lack of these watering holes, many grazing animals are forced to migrate due to the lack of water in search of more fertile lands.
Lake stratification is the tendency of lakes to form separate and distinct thermal layers during warm weather. Typically stratified lakes show three distinct layers: the epilimnion, comprising the top warm layer; the thermocline (or metalimnion), the middle layer, whose depth may change throughout the day; and the colder hypolimnion, extending to the floor of the lake.