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Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, typically the front of the chest. [1] It may be described as sharp, dull, pressure, heaviness or squeezing. [ 3 ] Associated symptoms may include pain in the shoulder, arm, upper abdomen , or jaw, along with nausea , sweating, or shortness of breath .
Decreased chest–chest movement on the affected side; An increased jugular venous pressure, indicating possible right heart failure [5] The anterior and posterior chest wall are also inspected for any abnormalities, which may include: Kyphosis, abnormal anterior-posterior curvature of the spine [6] Scoliosis, abnormal lateral curvature of the ...
Also known as 'effort angina', this refers to the classic type of angina related to myocardial ischemia.A typical presentation of stable angina is that of chest discomfort and associated symptoms precipitated by some activity (running, walking, etc.) with minimal or non-existent symptoms at rest or after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. [11]
The underlying cause is unclear. Some believe the pain may be from the chest wall or irritation of an intercostal nerve. [1] [2] Risk factors include psychological stress. [2] The pain is not due to the heart. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms. Other conditions that may produce similar symptoms include angina, pericarditis, pleurisy, and chest ...
Substernal or left precordial pleuritic chest pain with radiation to the trapezius ridge (the bottom portion of scapula on the back) is the characteristic pain of pericarditis. The pain is usually relieved by sitting up or bending forward, and worsened by lying down (both recumbent and supine positions ) or by inspiration (taking a breath in ...
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain. [1]It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms.
A rapid trauma assessment goes from head to toe to find these life threats: [1] [3] [5] Cervical spinal injury; Level of consciousness; Skull fractures, crepitus, and signs of brain injury; Airway problems (although these were checked during the initial assessment, they are rechecked during the rapid trauma assessment) such as tracheal deviation
A patient's self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the "most valid measure" of pain. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale.