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  2. Potassium-40 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-40

    Potassium-40 is especially important in potassium–argon (K–Ar) dating. Argon is a gas that does not ordinarily combine with other elements. So, when a mineral forms – whether from molten rock , or from substances dissolved in water – it will be initially argon-free, even if there is some argon in the liquid.

  3. Magic number (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics)

    An example is calcium-40, with 20 neutrons and 20 protons, which is the heaviest stable isotope made of the same number of protons and neutrons. Both calcium-48 and nickel-48 are doubly magic because calcium-48 has 20 protons and 28 neutrons while nickel-48 has 28 protons and 20 neutrons. Calcium-48 is very neutron-rich for such a relatively ...

  4. Isotopes of potassium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium

    All other potassium isotopes have half-lives under a day, most under a minute. The least stable is 31 K, a three-proton emitter discovered in 2019; its half-life was measured to be shorter than 10 picoseconds. [5] [6] Stable potassium isotopes have been used for several nutrient cycling studies since potassium is a macronutrient required for ...

  5. Hose coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose_coupling

    Side view of a 1.5 to 2.5 inches (38 to 64 mm) adapter. National Hose thread (NH), also known as National Standard Thread (NST). It is the most common type of fire hose coupling used in the United States. The male and female straight (non-tapered) threads screw together and the connection is sealed with a gasket.

  6. Nuclear shell model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_shell_model

    Thus they have a positive spin–orbit interaction energy. The 8 states with j = ⁠ 7 / 2 ⁠ came from ℓ = 4 and s anti-parallel to ℓ. Thus they have a negative spin–orbit interaction energy. The 6 states with j = ⁠ 5 / 2 ⁠ came from ℓ = 2 and s parallel to ℓ. Thus they have a positive spin–orbit interaction energy.

  7. Neutron detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_detection

    Decay: Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 885.7 ± 0.8 s (about 14 minutes, 46 seconds). [1] Free neutrons decay by emission of an electron and an electron antineutrino to become a proton, a process known as beta decay: [2] n 0 → p + + e − + ν e. Although the p + and e −

  8. Neutron transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport

    The third term accounts for all neutrons that have a collision in that phase space. The first term on the right hand side is the production of neutrons in this phase space due to fission, while the second term on the right hand side is the production of neutrons in this phase space due to delayed neutron precursors (i.e., unstable nuclei which ...

  9. Neutron moderator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_moderator

    Water (sometimes called "light water" in this context) is the most commonly used moderator (roughly 75% of the world's reactors). Solid graphite (20% of reactors) and heavy water (5% of reactors) are the main alternatives. [1] Beryllium has also been used in some experimental types, and hydrocarbons have been suggested as another possibility.