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Insects have spiracles on their exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea. [1] [page needed] In insects, the tracheal tubes primarily deliver oxygen directly into the insects' tissues. The spiracles can be opened and closed in an efficient manner to reduce water loss. This is done by contracting closer muscles surrounding the spiracle.
The timing and duration of spiracle closures can affect the respiratory rates of the organism. [5] Spiracles may also be surrounded by hairs to minimize bulk air movement around the opening, and thus minimize water loss. In larger insects, spiracle control is more complex and critical for managing gas exchange due to their higher metabolic demands.
During the closed phase of discontinuous gas exchange cycles, the spiracle muscles contract, causing the spiracles to shut tight. At the initiation of the closed phase, the partial pressure of both O 2 and CO 2 is close to that of the external environment, but closure of the spiracles drastically reduces the capacity for the exchange of gases with the external environment. [2]
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Spiracle of a bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma. Spiracles (/ ˈ s p ɪr ə k əl, ˈ s p aɪ-/ [1] [2]) are openings on the surface of some animals, which usually lead to respiratory systems. Spiracle of a shark (bighead spurdog, Squalus bucephalus) The spiracle is a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish.
In this spider diagram, the position of the book lungs is labelled 1. Spider book lungs (cross section) Internal anatomy of a female spider, book lungs shown in pink A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas-exchange that is present in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders.
A very numerous and various class consisting of small animals, breathing through lateral spiracles, armed on all sides with a bony skin, or covered with hair; furnished with many feet, and moveable antennae (or horns), which project from the head, and are the probable instruments of sensation. Linnaean Characteristics [1]
Cenchrus (insect anatomy) Cercus; Cervix (insect anatomy) Chordotonal organ; Clasper; Clypeus (arthropod anatomy) Coeloconica; Composition of the protocerebrum; Comstock–Needham system; Corium (entomology) Cornicle; Corpus allatum; Crista acustica; Crop (anatomy) Cryptonephridium; Cucullus