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Ammonium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [N H 4] 2 C O 3. It is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid. It is composed of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and carbonate anions CO 2− 3. Since ammonium carbonate readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as ...
At ordinary temperatures and pressures, ammonium carbamate exists in aqueous solutions as an equilibrium with ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the anions bicarbonate, HCO − 3, and carbonate, CO 2− 3. [8] [6] [9] Indeed, solutions of ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate will contain some carbamate anions too. H 2 NCO − 2 + 2H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 ...
Ammonium bicarbonate is an inorganic compound with formula (NH 4)HCO 3. The compound has many names, reflecting its long history. Chemically speaking, it is the bicarbonate salt of the ammonium ion. It is a colourless solid that degrades readily to carbon dioxide, water and ammonia.
In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium NH + 4 cation and the carbonate CO 2− 3 or bicarbonate HCO − 3 anions: [3] [4] [5] H 2 NCO − 2 + 2 H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + HCO − 3 + OH − H 2 NCO − 2 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + CO 2− 3. Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbonate is not.
It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [1] K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 KHCO 3. Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F): 2 KHCO 3 → K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.
Finely divided gypsum is added to an ammonium carbonate solution. Calcium carbonate precipitates as a solid, leaving ammonium sulfate in the solution. (NH 4) 2 CO 3 + CaSO 4 → (NH 4) 2 SO 4 + CaCO 3. Ammonium sulfate occurs naturally as the rare mineral mascagnite in volcanic fumaroles and due to coal fires on some dumps. [14]
Ammonium formate can be used as a mobile phase additive in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The p K a values of formic acid and the ammonium ion are 3.8 and 9.2, respectively.
It can also be produced by the reaction of barium carbonate with boiling ammonium chlorate solution: [3] 2 NH 4 ClO 3 + BaCO 3 → Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 + 2 NH 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 The reaction initially produces barium chlorate and ammonium carbonate ; boiling the solution decomposes the ammonium carbonate and drives off the resulting ammonia and carbon ...