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A business model design template can facilitate the process of designing and describing a company's business model. In a paper published in 2017, [48] Johnson demonstrated how matrix methods may usefully be deployed to characterise the architecture of resources, costs, and revenues that a business uses to create and deliver value to customers ...
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service.The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century, [1] and is now used by many businesses, websites [2] and even pharmaceutical companies in partnership with governments.
Debt monetization is the financing of government spending by the central bank. [1] If a nation's expenditure exceeds its revenues, it incurs a government deficit which can be financed either: by the government treasury, by way of money it already holds (e.g. income or liquidations from a sovereign wealth fund); or; issuing new bonds; or
Article processing fees for journals indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (2019). Journals use a variety of ways to generate the income required to cover publishing costs (including editorial costs, any costs of administering the peer review system), such as subsidies from institutions [7] and subscriptions.
The business model canvas is a strategic management template used for developing new business models and documenting existing ones. [2] [3] It offers a visual chart with elements describing a firm's or product's value proposition, [4] infrastructure, customers, and finances, [1] assisting businesses to align their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs.
A paywall is a method of restricting access to content, with a purchase or a paid subscription, especially news. [1] [2] Beginning in the mid-2010s, newspapers started implementing paywalls on their websites as a way to increase revenue after years of decline in paid print readership and advertising revenue, partly due to the use of ad blockers ...
Academia.edu is a commercial platform for sharing academic research that is uploaded and distributed by researchers from around the world. All academic articles are free to read by visitors, however uploading and downloading articles is restricted to registered users, with additional features accessible only as a paid subscription.
Rather than making journal articles accessible through a subscription business model, all academic publications could be made free to read and published with some other cost-recovery model, such as publication charges, subsidies, or charging subscriptions only for the print edition, with the online edition gratis or "free to read".