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  2. Global surface temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surface_temperature

    Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...

  3. Thermophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophysics

    Thermophysical properties are characteristics that control the diurnal, seasonal, or climatic surface and subsurface temperature variations (or thermal curves) of a material. The most important thermophysical property is thermal inertia , which controls the amplitude of the thermal curve and albedo (or reflectivity ), which controls the average ...

  4. Thermal remote sensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_Remote_sensing

    One of the most important applications of thermal remote sensing in earth sciences is to calculate the Land Surface Temperature (LST). LST is a measurement of how hot the land is to the touch. It differs from air temperature (the temperature given in weather reports) because land heats and cools more quickly than air. [15]

  5. Satellite temperature measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature...

    Land surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month between 2000-2008. [ 7 ] Sea surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month from 1985 through 1997.

  6. Atmospheric temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature

    The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.

  7. Surface temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_temperature

    Surface temperature is the temperature at a surface. Specifically, it may refer to: Near-surface air temperature, the temperature of the air near the surface of the ...

  8. Temperature measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement

    A medical/clinical thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) ... of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures ...

  9. Climate model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_model

    is Earth's average surface temperature, measured as about 288 K as of year 2020 [13] is the effective emissivity of Earth's combined surface and atmosphere (including clouds). It is a quantity between 0 and 1 that is calculated from the equilibrium to be about 0.61.