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This is a list of cathedrals by country, including both actual cathedrals (seats of bishops in episcopal denominations, such as Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Orthodoxy) and a few prominent churches from non-episcopal denominations commonly referred to as "cathedral", usually having formerly acquired that status.
As described above, the majority of cathedrals and great churches are cruciform in shape with the church having a defined axis. The axis is generally east/west with external emphasis upon the west front, normally the main entrance, and internal emphasis upon the eastern end so that the congregation faces the direction of the coming of Christ ...
The original cathedral had two towers on the west façade, and then a central tower was built in the 14th century, topped by a wooden spire, which made it the tallest structure in the world for two hundred years. The other two towers were also given spires and raised in height. The great spire fell during a windstorm and was not replaced.
The Cathedral has also served as a model throughout the 19th century—the French architect Garnier was inspired by the staircase of Diego de Siloe when he created that of the Opera in Paris ...
Church of Kingdom of Asturias. It is a World Heritage Site. Hildesheim Cathedral: Hildesheim: Germany: 872 Roman Catholic The original form of the cathedral is still clearly recognizable. It is a World Heritage Site. Great Basilica, Pliska: Pliska: Bulgaria: Completed around 875 during the rule of Knyaz Boris I (852–889) Bulgarian Orthodox
Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century Hagia Sophia (532–537) by Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral (1507) in Spain. Construction of church depicted in codex Manasses Chronicle (14th century)
cathedral; World Heritage Site Bourges Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Bourges: Bourges: Bourges: France: Saint Stephen: cathedral; World Heritage Site Bremen Cathedral St.-Petri-Dom zu Bremen: Protestant: Bremen: Germany: Saint Peter: parish church, formerly cathedral of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen: Church of Our Lady, Bruges ...
This includes all cathedrals (the seat of a bishop), basilicas, and other types of churches. It does not include temples of other religions, e.g. mosques , synagogues . It does include at least one building, Hagia Sophia , which was built as a church but currently operates as a mosque.