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For example, a variable capacitor that could be varied over a 9:1 capacitance range will give an RC oscillator a 9:1 frequency range, but in an LC oscillator it will give only a 3:1 range. Some examples of common RC oscillator circuits are listed below: A phase-shift oscillator
A phase-shift oscillator is a linear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a sine wave output. It consists of an inverting amplifier element such as a transistor or op amp with its output fed back to its input through a phase-shift network consisting of resistors and capacitors in a ladder network .
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.
Block diagram of a feedback oscillator circuit to which the Barkhausen criterion applies. It consists of an amplifying element A whose output v o is fed back into its input v f through a feedback network β(jω). To find the loop gain, the feedback loop is considered broken at some point and the output v o for a given input v i is calculated:
The tuning application, for instance, is an example of band-pass filtering. The RLC filter is described as a second-order circuit, meaning that any voltage or current in the circuit can be described by a second-order differential equation in circuit analysis. The three circuit elements, R, L and C, can be combined in a number of different ...
That kind of equation can be used to constrain the output function u in terms of the forcing function r. The transfer function can be used to define an operator F [ r ] = u {\displaystyle F[r]=u} that serves as a right inverse of L , meaning that L [ F [ r ] ] = r {\displaystyle L[F[r]]=r} .
You can have a phase shift of exactly -90 degrees in theory only because it would take one value (w, R, or C) to be infinite. You can get close with a large value for C. For example, with w=1, R=1 and C=1000 the phase shift is -89.94 approximately. In this example the larger the value of C the closer the phase fhit will be to -90 degrees.
The lattice phase equaliser, or filter, is a filter composed of lattice, or X-sections. With single element branches it can produce a phase shift up to 180°, and with resonant branches it can produce phase shifts up to 360°. The filter is an example of a constant-resistance network (i.e., its image impedance is constant over all frequencies).