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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
α 2 agonist: inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, reduces brainstem vasomotor center-mediated CNS activation; used as antihypertensive, sedative & treatment of opiate dependence and alcohol withdrawal symptoms). Selected examples are: Brimonidine; Clonidine (mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1 receptor agonist) Dexmedetomidine; Fadolmidine
[13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant products. [2] However, oral phenylephrine appears to be ineffective as a decongestant. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 2022, the combination with brompheniramine and dextromethorphan was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more ...
Norepinephrine (Levophed) is the most common first-line vasopressor for people who don't respond well to other hypotension treatments such as fluid resuscitation. Atropine is administered for bradycardia. It acts on the vagus nerve so it's not effective in heart transplant patients as the vagus nerve is severed during the transplant. [11]
Etilefrine, sold under the brand name Effortil among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent to treat orthostatic hypotension. [1] It is usually used by mouth, but is also available as an injectable. [3] [4] Side effects of etilefrine include nausea, tremors, and palpitations, among others. [5]
Another treatment for hypertension is using drugs that have both α 1 blocking activity, as well as nonselective β activity, such as Labetalol or carvedilol. [19] In low doses, labetalol and carvedilol can decrease the peripheral resistance and block the effects of isoprenaline to reduce hypertensive symptoms.
[22] [23] Hypotension and its complications (e.g., weakness, dizziness) are a constant risk, however, even though selective alpha-1a blockers are being used. It is therefore important when starting treatment with an alpha-1 blocker to monitor blood pressure to minimize the risk for adverse effects connected to low blood pressure.
Activation of α 1-adrenergic receptors produces anorexia and partially mediates the efficacy of appetite suppressants like phenylpropanolamine and amphetamine in the treatment of obesity. [10] Norepinephrine has been shown to decrease cellular excitability in all layers of the temporal cortex , including the primary auditory cortex .