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The history of the universe after inflation but before a time of about 1 second is largely unknown. [26] However, the universe is known to have been dominated by ultrarelativistic Standard Model particles, conventionally called radiation, by the time of neutrino decoupling at about 1 second. [27]
Thus, an accelerating universe took a longer time to expand from 2/3 to 1 times its present size, compared to a non-accelerating universe with constant ˙ and the same present-day value of the Hubble constant. This results in a larger light-travel time, larger distance and fainter supernovae, which corresponds to the actual observations.
The largest black holes in the universe are predicted to continue to grow. Larger black holes of up to 10 14 (100 trillion) M ☉ may form during the collapse of superclusters of galaxies. Even these would evaporate over a timescale of 10 109 [ 46 ] to 10 110 years.
The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The concept of an expanding universe was scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.
Likewise, the generally accepted value of 2.27 Es −1 means that (at the current rate) the universe would grow by a factor of e 2.27 in one exasecond. Over long periods of time, the dynamics are complicated by general relativity, dark energy, inflation, etc., as explained above.
By doing so, the researchers hope to uncover fresh clues about how fast the universe is expanding and, just maybe, whether life could exist anywhere else in the universe.
The angles of a triangle sum to less than 180 degrees, and lines that do not meet are never equidistant; they have a point of least distance and otherwise grow apart. The geometry of such a universe is hyperbolic. [11] Even without dark energy, a negatively curved universe expands forever, with gravity negligibly slowing the rate of expansion.
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