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Virus nanotechnology is the use of viruses as a source of nanoparticles for biomedical purposes. Viruses are made up of a genome and a capsid; and some viruses are enveloped. Most virus capsids measure between 20-500 nm in diameter. Because of their nanometer size dimensions, viruses have been considered as naturally occurring nanoparticles.
13 nm – the length of the wavelength that is used for EUV lithography; 14 nm – length of a porcine circovirus; 14 nm – the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured circa 2013; 15 nm – length of an antibody; 18 nm – diameter of tobacco mosaic virus [74] (Generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm.) [citation needed]
Viruses are assigned according to their similarity to known lab based strains—the ΦX174-like clade, G4-like clade and the α3-like clade. The ΦX174-like clade of microviridae have the smallest and least variable genomes (5,386–5,387 bp); the G4-like clade varies in size from 5,486 to 5,487 bp; while the largest genome sized group is the ...
While the exact criteria as defined in the scientific literature vary, giant viruses are generally described as viruses having large, pseudo-icosahedral capsids (200 to 400 nanometers in diameter) [4] that may be surrounded by a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibers. The viruses have large, double-stranded DNA genomes ...
For example, Porcine circovirus type 1 has a genome of 1,759 nucleotides [10] and a capsid diameter of 17 nm (1.7 × 10 −5 mm). [11] As a whole, the viral family geminiviridae is about 30 nm (3.0 × 10 −5 mm) in length. However, the two capsids making up the virus are fused; divided, the capsids would be 15 nm (1.5 × 10 −5 mm) in length ...
The influenza A virus has a negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA genome, enclosed in a lipid envelope. The virus particle (also called the "virion") is 80–120 nanometers in diameter, such that the smallest virions adopt an elliptical shape; larger virions have a filamentous shape. [29]
Most viruses range in length from about 20 to 300 nanometers. This can be contrasted with the length of bacteria, which starts at about 400 nanometers. There are also giant viruses , often called giruses , typically about 1000 nanometers (one micron) in length.
The mimivirus is the fourth-largest virus, after the Megavirus chilensis, Pandoravirus and Pithovirus. Mimivirus has a capsid diameter of 400 nm. Protein filaments measuring 100 nm project from the surface of the capsid, bringing the total length of the virus up to 600 nm.