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Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of the bone), bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcemia), multiple myeloma, and other conditions involving fragile, breakable bone. In osteoporosis and Paget's, the most popular first-line bisphosphonate drugs are alendronate and risedronate.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly . [ 3 ]
Alendronic acid. Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [3] It is taken by mouth. [3] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [3]
Denosumab. Denosumab, sold under the brand names Prolia and Xgeva among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [9][10] Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels. The most common side effects are joint ...
Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. [1] It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. [3] The most common side effects include hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in the urine) and dizziness. [2]
Raloxifene. Raloxifene, sold under the brand name Evista among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids. [5] For osteoporosis it is less preferred than bisphosphonates. [5] It is also used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in those at high risk. [5]
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