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Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. [3]
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases. They are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis. [1] They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate (PO (OH) 2) groups.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [3] It is taken by mouth. [3] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [3]
Teriparatide is a portion of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), amino acid sequence 1 through 34, of the complete molecule (containing 84 amino acids). Endogenous PTH is the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in bone and kidney. PTH increases serum calcium, partially accomplishing this by increasing bone resorption.
Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. [1] It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. [3] The most common side effects include hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in the urine) and dizziness. [2]
Zoledronic acid, also known as zoledronate and sold under the brand name Zometa among others, [7] by Novartis among others, is a medication used to treat a number of bone diseases. [3] These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bone breakdown due to cancer, Paget's disease of bone [3] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).