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This allows researchers to quantify anatomical features of the brain in terms of shape, mass, volume (e.g. of the hippocampus, or of the primary versus secondary visual cortex), and to derive more specific information, such as the encephalization quotient, grey matter density and white matter connectivity, gyrification, cortical thickness, or ...
On images of the brain, this sequence has a more pronounced distinction between grey matter (bright) and white matter (darker grey), but with little contrast between brain and CSF. [36] It is very useful for the detection of arthropathy and injury.
T 2-weighted (T2W) images: CSF is light, but fat (and thus white matter) is darker than with T 1. T 2-weighted images are useful for visualizing pathology. [26] Diffusion-weighted images (DWI): DWI uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. Proton density (PD) images: CSF has a relatively high level of protons ...
White matter is composed of bundles, which connect various grey matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons. Myelin acts as an insulator, which allows electrical signals to jump , rather than coursing through the axon, increasing the speed of transmission of all nerve ...
Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axons. [1] The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually ...
Voxel-based morphometry is a computational approach to neuroanatomy that measures differences in local concentrations of brain tissue, through a voxel-wise comparison of multiple brain images. [1] [2] In traditional morphometry, volume of the whole brain or its subparts is measured by drawing regions of interest (ROIs) on images from brain ...
The topographical relationships between independent measures of white matter and gray matter integrity suggest that rich developmental or environmental interactions influence brain structure and function. The presence and strength of such associations may elucidate pathophysiological processes influencing systems such as language and motor planning
Gray matter and white matter CBF can be localized using atlases or Freesurfer. ASL functional connectivity can be designed with parameters conducive to a long scan time. Studies have suggested that ASL complement resting state fMRI findings well but can differentiate between resting brain networks (such as the default mode network ) less.