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Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
As long a horse is eating and drinking, the infection must run its course, much like a common cold virus. Over time, a horse builds up enough antibodies to overtake and fight the disease. Other treatment options can be applying heat packs to abscesses to help draw infectin to the surface and using drawing salves such as Ichthammol.
Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a type of metritis (uterine inflammation) in horses that is caused by a sexually transmitted infection. It is thus an equine venereal disease of the genital tract of horses, brought on by the Taylorella equigenitalis bacteria and spread through sexual contact. The disease was first reported in 1977, and has ...
[35] [36] This disease caused by T. equigenitalis is a concern in the equine industry, especially the professional industries of the Thoroughbreds and American Quarter Horses. [9] Following the 1977 outbreak, the cost of the T. equigenitalis to the Kentucky Thoroughbred industry was US$4 million. [ 9 ]
The horse may have a recurrent fever and anemia, and may relapse to the subacute or acute form even several years after the original attack. [citation needed] A horse may also not appear to have any symptoms, yet still tests positive for EIA antibodies. Such a horse can still pass on the disease.
The horse may or may not be pyrexic (fevered). The limb may occasionally ooze serum. In ulcerative lumphangitis, "cording" of the lymphatics and the formation of hard nodules and abscesses may also occur; occasionally, a greenish, malodorous discharge is present. In the US in particular, the disease may be characterised by multiple small, open ...
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, formerly Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes abortion, respiratory disease and occasionally neonatal mortality in horses. Initial spread of EHV-1 by a newly introduced horse through direct and indirect contact can lead to abortion and perinatal infection in up to 70 percent ...
In horses, which are most commonly infected, this bacterium causes an upper respiratory tract infection (along with the other symptoms). This infection causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in horses. This will be caused by spreading of nasal discharge or lymph nodes in feed troughs, bedding, etc. [12]