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Reader-response criticism is a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or "audience") and their experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention primarily on the author, content, or form of the work.
The cultural theorist Stuart Hall was one of the main proponents of reception theory, first developed in his 1973 essay 'Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse'. His approach, called the encoding/decoding model of communication, is a form of textual analysis that focuses on the scope of "negotiation" and "opposition" by the audience ...
Audience reception theory can be traced back to work done by British Sociologist Stuart Hall and his communication model first revealed in an essay titled "Encoding/Decoding." [ 2 ] Hall proposed a new model of mass communication which highlighted the importance of active interpretation within relevant codes. [ 3 ]
Reception theory: An application of reader response theory that argues the meaning of a text is not inherent within the text itself, but the audience must elicit meaning based on their individual cultural background and life experiences. Social scientific interest in audiences as agents is, in part, a consequence of research on media effects.
For the reader's part, he or she must pay close attention to every detail of the text and pay equal attention to his or her own responses. This process exemplifies not only reader-response criticism but also close reading. This inclusion of Rosenblatt's "transactional" theory within the designation "reader-response," however, needs to be contested.
The reader-response theory associated with Bleich emerged from hermeneutics or the study of how readers respond to literary and cultural texts. [5] Bleich is one of the subjective reader-response critics who consider the reader responses as the text since there is no literary text beyond the readers' interpretations. [6]
The approach avoids subjectivity or essentialism in descriptions produced through its recognition that reading is determined by textual and also cultural constraints. [22] Reader-response critics view authorial intent in various ways. In general, they have argued that the author's intent itself is immaterial and cannot be fully recovered.
This literal-mindedness, she argues, had removed the agency of the pupil as a reader, which leads to a reduced engagement with literature. [10] This aspect of Rosenblatt's writing, part of her work on reader response theory, has been linked to text world theory. Text world theory provides a model through which pupils can build an "authentic ...