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While in theory any tree can be used for pulp-making, coniferous trees are preferred because the cellulose fibers in the pulp of these species are longer, and therefore make stronger paper. [18] Some of the most commonly used trees for paper making include softwoods such as spruce, pine, fir, larch and hemlock, and hardwoods such as eucalyptus ...
It is a versatile natural resource commonly used for paper-making but also made into low-grade wood and used for chips, energy, pellets, and engineered products. [1] Harvesting a stand of eucalyptus pulpwood in Australia. Pulpwood can be derived from most types of trees.
In North America, virgin (non-recycled) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees. The wood fibre can be extracted as a primary product, or collected during the milling of lumber. [1] Wood fibres can also be recycled from used paper materials. [2]
The production and use of paper has a number of adverse effects on the environment. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years [clarification needed] leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests.
Muslims invented a method to make a thicker sheet of paper. This innovation helped transform papermaking from an art into a major industry. [9] [8] The earliest use of water-powered mills in paper production, specifically the use of pulp mills for preparing the pulp for papermaking, dates back to Samarkand in the 8th century. [10]
Kraft pulp is darker than other wood pulps, but it can be bleached to make very white pulp. Fully bleached kraft pulp is used to make high-quality paper where strength, whiteness, and resistance to yellowing are important. The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes.
Betula papyrifera (paper birch, [5] also known as (American) white birch [5] and canoe birch [5]) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America.Paper birch is named after the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper-like layers from the trunk.
Gampi or ganpi [1] are a group of Japanese shrubs, members of the genus Wikstroemia, some of which have been used for making paper since the 8th century. [2] It is used to make the high quality washi paper, as are the kōzo and mitsumata trees. [3] Various sources have identified gampi or ganpi as: