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The WHO defines antimicrobial resistance as a microorganism's resistance to an antimicrobial drug that was once able to treat an infection by that microorganism. [2] A person cannot become resistant to antibiotics. Resistance is a property of the microbe, not a person or other organism infected by a microbe. [33]
Multiple drug resistance. Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. [1] Antimicrobial categories are classifications of antimicrobial agents based on their mode of action and ...
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. [1] The term is used in the context of resistance that pathogens or cancers have "acquired", that is, resistance has evolved. Antimicrobial resistance and antineoplastic resistance challenge ...
Bacteria are not able to grow around antibiotics to which they are sensitive. This is called "the zone of inhibition". Antibiotic sensitivity testing or antibiotic susceptibility testing is the measurement of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. It is used because bacteria may have resistance to some antibiotics.
Staphylococcus aureus. Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are most ...
Resistome. The resistome has been used to describe to two similar yet separate concepts: All the antibiotic resistance genes in communities of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. [1] All of the resistance genes in an organism, how they are inherited, [2] and how their transcription levels vary to defend against pathogens like viruses ...
Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria) are bacteria that are resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs. [1] MDR bacteria have seen an increase in prevalence in recent years [clarification needed][2] and pose serious risks to public health. MDR bacteria can be broken into 3 main categories: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and ...