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The VDRL is a nontreponemal serological screening for syphilis that is also used to assess response to therapy, to detect central nervous system involvement, and as an aid in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. The basis of the test is that an antibody produced by a patient with syphilis reacts with an extract of ox heart (diphosphatidyl ...
The rapid plasma reagin test (RPR test or RPR titer) is a type of rapid diagnostic test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate an infection by syphilis or related non-venereal treponematoses. It is one of several nontreponemal tests for syphilis (along with the Wassermann test and the VDRL test).
For primary syphilis, TPPA has a sensitivity of 85% to 100%, and a specificity of 98% to 100%. [2] In secondary and late-latent syphilis, TPPA has a sensitivity of 98% to 100%. [2] Antibodies against other treponemal organisms, such as the T. pallidum subspecies endemicum, pertenue, or carateum, can cause false positive results.
Nontreponemal tests are an indirect method in that they detect biomarkers that are released during cellular damage that occurs from the syphilis spirochete. In contrast, treponemal tests look for antibodies that are a direct result of the infection thus, anti-treponeme IgG, IgM and to a lesser degree IgA.
Latent syphilis is defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease. [19] It develops after secondary syphilis and is divided into early latent and late latent stages. [27] Early latent syphilis is defined by the World Health Organization as less than 2 years after original infection. [27]
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The oncologist, per the Stanford Medicine blog Scope, was diagnosed with non-small cell cancer — also known as never-smoker lung cancer — in early May, around a month before his 50th birthday.
In the 20th century, the use of blood and serum collected and dried on a filter paper for serologic testing for syphilis was already reported. Both field and home sample collections were described. [3] The first report of blood absorbed onto filter paper for enzyme measurements was published in 1953. [3] [5]