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Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ ˌ k ɑːr b ə ˈ r ʌ n d əm /), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor , it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite , but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive .
The primary application of monocrystalline silicon is in the production of discrete components and integrated circuits.Ingots made by the Czochralski method are sliced into wafers about 0.75 mm thick and polished to obtain a regular, flat substrate, onto which microelectronic devices are built through various microfabrication processes, such as doping or ion implantation, etching, deposition ...
Polycrystalline silicon (or semi-crystalline silicon, polysilicon, poly-Si, or simply "poly") is a material consisting of multiple small silicon crystals. Polycrystalline cells can be recognized by a visible grain, a "metal flake effect". Semiconductor grade (also solar grade) polycrystalline silicon is converted to single-crystal silicon ...
Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the elements silicon and nitrogen. Si. 3N. 4 (Trisilicon tetranitride) is the most thermodynamically stable and commercially important of the silicon nitrides, [6] and the term ″ Silicon nitride ″ commonly refers to this specific composition.
Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive.