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African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. [3]Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei. [3]
Trypanosomes and trypanosomiasis disease is transmitted through the tsetse fly. As many as 90 percent of sleeping sickness cases are caused by the Glossina fuscipes subspecies of the fly. [11] The palpalis subspecies contributes the majority of the rest of the cases. The different subspecies of fly dominate different habitats.
It causes deadly vector-borne diseases: African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in humans, and animal trypanosomiasis or nagana in cattle and horses. [2] It is a species complex grouped into three subspecies: T. b. brucei, T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. [3]
The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are; African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies [3]), South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs), and leishmaniasis (a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of Leishmania transmitted by sandflies [4]).
Melarsoprol is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). [1] It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved. [1] For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred. [1]
Just reading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Travel page, with its list of some 60-odd diseases from African Sleeping Sickness to Yellow Fever may be enough to make you.
African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) is a somewhat rare protozoal disease, with fewer than 10,000 cases currently. [53] Human African trypanosomiasis is vector-borne and spreads through the bite of the tsetse fly . [ 39 ]
The Sleeping Sickness Commission was a medical project established by the British Royal Society to investigate the outbreak of African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis in Africa at the turn of the 20th century. [1] The outbreak of the disease started in 1900 in Uganda, which was at the time a protectorate of the British Empire. [2]