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The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
In 1801, he published Système des animaux sans vertèbres, a major work on the classification of invertebrates, a term which he coined. [6] In an 1802 publication, he became one of the first to use the term "biology" in its modern sense. [7] [Note 1] Lamarck continued his work as a premier authority on invertebrate zoology.
t. e. Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin 's 1859 book On the Origin of Species.
Carl Linnaeus. Carl Linnaeus[a] (23 May 1707 [note 1] – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, [3][b] was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy ". [4] Many of his writings were in Latin ...
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS [3][4] (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins played crucial roles in deciphering the helical structure of the DNA molecule. Crick and Watson's paper in Nature in 1953 laid the groundwork for ...
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (German: [ɛʁnst ˈhɛkl̩]; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) [1] was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms and coined ...
Biology is the scientific study of life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes , which can be transmitted to future ...
Robert Hooke. Robert Hooke FRS (/ hʊk /; 18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) [ 4 ][ a ] was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect. [ 5 ] He is credited as one of the first scientists to investigate living things at microscopic scale in 1665, [ 6 ] using a ...