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An illustration of light sources from magnitude 1 to 3.5, in 0.5 increments. In astronomy, magnitude is a measure of the brightness of an object, usually in a defined passband. An imprecise but systematic determination of the magnitude of objects was introduced in ancient times by Hipparchus. Magnitude values do not have a unit.
Prior to photographic methods to determine magnitude, the brightness of celestial objects was determined by visual photometric methods.This was simply achieved with the human eye by compared the brightness of an astronomical object with other nearby objects of known or fixed magnitude: especially regarding stars, planets and other planetary objects in the Solar System, variable stars [1] and ...
The absolute magnitude M, of a star or astronomical object is defined as the apparent magnitude it would have as seen from a distance of 10 parsecs (33 ly). The absolute magnitude of the Sun is 4.83 in the V band (visual), 4.68 in the Gaia satellite's G band (green) and 5.48 in the B band (blue).
Modern observational versions of the chart replace spectral type by a color index (in diagrams made in the middle of the 20th Century, most often the B-V color) of the stars. This type of diagram is what is often called an observational Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, or specifically a color–magnitude diagram (CMD), and it is often used by ...
This is a compilation of symbols commonly used in astronomy, particularly professional astronomy. Age (stellar) τ - age ... - Apparent magnitude; M (object) ...
A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy , many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones.
Earth's albedo varies by a factor of 6, from 0.12 in the cloud-free case to 0.76 in the case of altostratus cloud. The absolute magnitude in the table corresponds to an albedo of 0.434. Due to the variability of the weather, Earth's apparent magnitude cannot be predicted as accurately as that of most other planets. [20]
"Astronomy: Star Atlases, Charts, and Maps", a collection of more than 60 star atlas volumes. "Astronomy: Selected Images, a collection of high-resolution star map images. "History of Cosmology: Views of the Stars", high-resolution scans of prints relating to the study of the structure of the cosmos.