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Sarcoidosis may resolve without any treatment within a few years. [2] [5] However, some people may have long-term or severe disease. [5] Some symptoms may be improved with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. [8] In cases where the condition causes significant health problems, steroids such as prednisone are indicated. [9]
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Ulcerative sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition affecting roughly 5% of people with sarcoidosis. [ 2 ] : 710 Annular sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by papular skin lesions arranged in annular patterns, usually with a red-brown hue.
Only 1 percent of people with sarcoidosis will have neurosarcoidosis alone without involvement of any other organs. Diagnosis can be difficult, with no test apart from biopsy achieving a high accuracy rate. Treatment is with immunosuppression. [1] The first case of sarcoidosis involving the nervous system was reported in 1905. [2] [3]
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian , Irish , African and Puerto Rican heritage.
The generally acknowledged theory proposes that a complex interplay among genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors leads to sarcoidosis. [3] It is believed that an augmented cell-mediated immune response to one or more undiscovered antigens is the cause of the granulomatous inflammation. [ 6 ]
The peak incidence of sarcoidosis and testicular neoplasia coincide at 20–40 years and this is why most patients end up having an orchiectomy. However, testicular tumours are much more common in white men, less than 3.5% of all testicular tumours being found in black men. [ 6 ]
Heerfordt syndrome is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis. The symptoms include inflammation of the eye ( uveitis ), swelling of the parotid gland , chronic fever , and in some cases, palsy of the facial nerves .