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The minimal F wave latency is typically 25-32 ms in the upper extremities and 45-56 ms in the lower extremities. F wave persistence is the number of F waves obtained per the number of stimulations, which is normally 80-100% (or above 50%).
There are two types of latency taken into account during the study: onset latency and peak latency. [11] Onset latency is the time it takes for the electrical stimulus to trigger an action potential in the nerve. [11] Peak latency is a representation of the time delay for the signal to travel down the "majority of the axons" in the nerve. [11]
The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile.
The waveguide F band is the range of radio frequencies from 90 GHz to 140 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum, [1] [2] corresponding to the recommended frequency band of operation of WR8 waveguides. These frequencies are equivalent to wave lengths between 3.33 mm and 2.14 mm. The E band is in the EHF range of the radio spectrum.
An electromagnetic wave travelling through a medium has a propagation delay determined by the speed of light in that particular medium, or ca. 1 nanosecond per 29.98 centimetres (11.80 in) in a vacuum. An electric signal travelling through a wire has an propagation delay of ca. 1 nanosecond per 15 centimetres (5.9 in). [1]
A so-called eigenmode is a solution that oscillates in time with a well-defined constant angular frequency ω, so that the temporal part of the wave function takes the form e −iωt = cos(ωt) − i sin(ωt), and the amplitude is a function f(x) of the spatial variable x, giving a separation of variables for the wave function: (,) = ().
A mom is alleging that a roller coaster “dislodged” a then-undetected malignant tumor in her daughter’s brain, giving the 11-year-old symptoms that eventually alerted the family to her ...
Left: the real part of a plane wave moving from top to bottom. Right: the same wave after a central section underwent a phase shift, for example, by passing through a glass of different thickness than the other parts. Out of phase AE. A real-world example of a sonic phase difference occurs in the warble of a Native American flute.