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Hypogonadism resulting from hypothalamic or pituitary defects is termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), secondary hypogonadism, or central hypogonadism (referring to the central nervous system). [3] Examples of hypothalamic defects include Kallmann syndrome. Examples of pituitary defects include hypopituitarism and pituitary hypoplasia.
[10] Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, CHH, is a genetically, as well as clinically, heterogenous disorder stemming from over 25 causal genes identified to date, [11] with cases reported as being X-linked, recessive and autosomally inherited. [12]
Secondary hypogonadism, on the other hand, occurs because of inadequate hypothalamic or pituitary signaling to the testicles. It is identified by lab tests that show low testosterone accompanied ...
In 1914, Franz Weidenreich performed autopsies on cadavers of 10 people who had had anosmia, uncovering hypogonadism in three and postulating a syndromic association. [ 11 ] The syndrome is named for Franz Josef Kallmann , a German - American geneticist , who, along with colleagues, described three family clusters of the syndrome in a 1944 ...
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a form of amenorrhea and chronic anovulation [1] and is one of the most common types of secondary amenorrhea. [2] It is classified as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [3] It was previously known as "juvenile hypothalamosis syndrome," prior to the discovery that sexually mature females are equally ...
Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), also called idiopathic or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), as well as isolated or congenital gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency (IGD), is a condition which results in a small subset of cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) due to deficiency in or insensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) where the function ...
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
In primary hypogonadism, elevated serum gonadotropins are detected on at least two occasions several weeks apart, indicating gonadal failure. [18] In secondary hypogonadism (where the cause is hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction) serum levels of gonadotropins may be low. [19]