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A large civil police force organised and trained along military lines, which may contain paramilitary elements. This is the usual definition in places outside Great Britain such as the former Royal Irish Constabulary , the former Royal Ulster Constabulary [ citation needed ] , Royal Newfoundland Constabulary , Jamaica Constabulary Force .
Territorial police force Cheshire Constabulary: Unitary authorities of Cheshire East, Cheshire West and Chester, Halton, and Warrington: 2,370 [1] £208.0 [2] 2,155: 1857 North West England: England and Wales: Territorial police force City of London Police: City of London: 970 [1] £67.0 [2] 2.6: 1839 Greater London: England and Wales ...
In London, these constabularies are responsible for enforcing byelaws within the parks and open spaces of their respective local authorities. Members of the constabularies are sworn as constables under article 18 of the Greater London Parks and Open Spaces Order 1967.
The following list compares the size of police forces and police per head. In 2006, an analysis by the United Nations indicates an approximate median of 300 police officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1] Only nine countries disclosed values lower than 100 officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1]
The concept of a police-type occupation of Germany arose from the consideration of plans for the most efficient employment of the relatively small forces available. [1]The speed of redeployment in the fall of 1945, and the certainty that the occupational troop basis would have to be reduced speedily, dictated the utmost economy in the use of manpower.
However, since 2000, the National Policing Improvement Agency has encouraged special constabularies to return to rank structures and epaulette insignia identical to their regular counterparts. Although most forces have now reverted to regular rank titles (with the prefix "special"), only some have reverted to regular rank insignia.
England and Wales have 43 local police forces (formerly known as constabularies), each of which covers a 'police area' (a particular county, grouping of counties or metropolitan area). Since 2012, 41 of these forces have their own directly elected Police and Crime Commissioner, under the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.
Special constables have identical powers to their regular (full-time) colleagues and work alongside them, but most special constabularies in England and Wales have their own organisational structure and grading system, which varies from force to force. Special constabularies are headed by a chief officer.