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Cross-site scripting (XSS) [a] is a type of security vulnerability that can be found in some web applications.XSS attacks enable attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
An XSS worm, sometimes referred to as a cross site scripting virus, [1] is a malicious (or sometimes non-malicious) payload, usually written in JavaScript, that breaches browser security to propagate among visitors of a website in the attempt to progressively infect other visitors. [2]
HTTP header injection is a general class of web application security vulnerability which occurs when Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers are dynamically generated based on user input.
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
XSS refers to an injection flaw whereby user input to a web script or something along such lines is placed into the output HTML without being checked for HTML code or scripting. Many of these problems are related to erroneous assumptions of what input data is possible or the effects of special data.
A URL can be crafted, for example, by linking to content that is only accessible to the user if they are logged into the target website. Including this state-dependent URL in the malicious application will initiate a cross-origin request to the target app. [ 15 ] Because the request is a cross-origin request, the same-origin policy prevents the ...
Tells the browser to refresh the page or redirect to a different URL, after a given number of seconds (0 meaning immediately); or when a new resource has been created [clarification needed]. Header introduced by Netscape in 1995 and became a de facto standard supported by most web browsers.
It can also be used to get around cross-site scripting (XSS) restrictions, embedding the attack payload fully inside the address bar, and hosted via URL shortening services rather than needing a full website that is controlled by a third party. [8] As a result, some browsers now block webpages from navigating to data URIs. [9]