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Allodynia is a condition in which pain is caused by a stimulus that does not normally elicit pain. [1] For example, sunburn can cause temporary allodynia, so that usually painless stimuli, such as wearing clothing or running cold or warm water over it, can be very painful.
Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.Common symptoms in humans and other animals include red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch or painful, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.
A radiation burn is a damage to the skin or other biological tissue and organs as an effect of radiation. The radiation types of greatest concern are thermal radiation, radio frequency energy, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation. The most common type of radiation burn is a sunburn caused by UV radiation.
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Melanin protects the body by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Excessive UV radiation causes sunburn along with other direct and indirect DNA damage to the skin, and the body naturally combats and seeks to repair the damage and protect the skin by creating and releasing further melanin into the skin's cells. With the production of the melanin ...
Sunburns transmit UVB to keratinocytes which causes them to undergo apoptosis. [citation needed] UVB radiation is dangerous as it can lead to DNA damage as well as damage of tumor-suppressor pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. The formation of sunburn cells is in response to the damage done by UVB exposure.
At other times—say, in the development of a painful sunburn or skin cancers—light can have a decidedly negative effect. For some time, the “how” of all this was a bit murky.
A study by Mark Schotanus, et al., has demonstrated that in addition to potential damage to keratinocytes and melanocytes, exposure to UVB radiation may also produce a loss of potassium ions, which may then cause the activation of apoptotic pathways in lymphocytes and neuronal cells as opposed to keratinocytes and melanocytes.