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As a consequence, elevated hepatic and serum ferritin levels are consistently reported in chronic liver diseases. [51] [52] [53] Studies showed association between high serum ferritin levels and increased risk of short-term mortality in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation [54] and acute-on-chronic liver failure. [55]
However ferritin levels may be elevated due to a variety of other causes including obesity, infection, inflammation (as an acute phase protein), chronic alcohol intake, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer. [7] [32] [33] In males and postmenopausal females, normal range of serum ferritin is between 12 and 300 ng/mL (670 pmol/L) .
Low, as the body holds iron intracellularly with ferritin. Low. The body produces less transferrin (but more ferritin), presumably to keep iron away from pathogens that require it for their metabolism. This is mainly regulated by increased hepcidin production. Normal Pregnancy or use of hormonal contraception, but without iron deficiency Normal ...
Normal total iron-binding capacity for both sexes is 240 to 450 μg/dL. [6] Total iron-binding capacity increases when iron deficiency exists. [4] Serum ferritin levels reflect the iron stores available in the body. [4] The normal range is 20 to 200 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) for men and 15 to 150 ng/mL for women. [8]
Serum iron is a medical laboratory test that measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to transferrin and freely circulate in the blood. Clinicians order this laboratory test when they are concerned about iron deficiency, which can cause anemia and other problems. 65% of the iron in the body is bound up in hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells.
Serum Iron: high; increased ferritin levels; decreased total iron-binding capacity; high transferrin saturation; Hematocrit of about 20-30%; The mean corpuscular volume or MCV is usually normal or low for congenital causes of sideroblastic anemia but normal or high for acquired forms.
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) [1] [2] or anemia of chronic inflammation [3] is a form of anemia seen in chronic infection, chronic immune activation, and malignancy.These conditions all produce elevation of interleukin-6, which stimulates hepcidin production and release from the liver.
Measurement of serum ferritin indicates for total body iron overload. [18] Liver biopsy measures the iron concentration of liver. It provides the microscopic examination of the liver. [5] Measurement of serum hepcidin levels may be useful in diagnostic for iron overload. [5] MRI can detect the degree of magnetic disruption due to iron accumulation.