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Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In the USSR , it was known as carbophos , in New Zealand and Australia as maldison and in South Africa as mercaptothion .
This is an insecticide that is used inside the beehive to combat varroa mites and small hive beetles, which are parasites of the honey bee. Overdoses can lead to bee poisoning. Relatively nontoxic Demeton: Systox Organophosphate <2 hours Highly toxic Demeton-S-methyl [31] Meta-systox Organophosphate: Banned worldwide for toxicity to humans
Azinphos-methyl is a neurotoxin derived from nerve agents developed during World War II. [4] It was first registered in the US in 1959 as an insecticide and is also used as active ingredient in organophosphate (OP) pesticides. [6]
The 2024 IRAC poster of insecticide modes of action includes the majority of chemicals listed below. [5] The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use.
Malathion, a common insecticide Phosphorothioates are the basis for antisense therapies Oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (OPS) are modified oligonucleotides where one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphate moiety is replaced by sulfur.
Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was patented and introduced in the 1950s by American Cyanamid. Like other organophosphates, dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both by contact and through ingestion.
Carbaryl is often inexpensively produced by direct reaction of methyl isocyanate with 1-naphthol. [5]C 10 H 7 OH + CH 3 NCO → C 10 H 7 OC(O)NHCH 3. Alternatively, 1-naphthol can be treated with excess phosgene to produce 1-naphthyl chloroformate, which is then converted to carbaryl by reaction with methylamine. [5]
Carbophenothion is used as an insecticide and acaricide, which main use is to protect citrus fruit, but it is also used to protect cotton against aphids (plant lice) and spider mites. Furthermore, it is used in combination with petroleum as well to function as a pesticide against numerous other pests on fruits, nuts, vegetables, sorghum , maize ...