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They are common during spironolactone therapy, with 10 to 50% of women experiencing them at moderate doses and almost all experiencing them at a high doses. [86] [111] For example, about 20% of women experienced menstrual irregularities with 50 to 100 mg/day spironolactone, whereas about 70% experienced menstrual irregularities at 200 mg/day. [63]
A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) [1] or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This group of drugs is often used as adjunctive therapy, in combination with other drugs, for the management of chronic heart failure .
The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs' side effects, and cost. Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive. Examples include: Age can affect the choice of medications.
[39] 5α-Dihydroaldosterone is a potent antinatriuretic agent, although different from aldosterone. Its formation in the kidney is enhanced by restriction of dietary salt, suggesting it may help retain sodium. [40] 5α-DHP is a major hormone in circulation of normal cycling and pregnant women. [41]
For people with hyperplasia of both glands, successful treatment is often achieved with spironolactone or eplerenone, drugs that block the aldosterone receptor. With its antiandrogen effect, spironolactone drug therapy may have a range of side effects in males and females, including gynecomastia and irregular menses. These symptoms occur less ...
Research shows that older men and women with low testosterone have lower red blood cell counts and an increased risk of developing anemia. Anemia can produce symptoms like fatigue, weakness, loss ...
11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) inhibitors such as amphenone B, [20] etomidate, [16] ketoconazole, [16] metyrapone, [16] mitotane, [16] and osilodrostat [25] inhibit the production of the potent corticosteroids cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone from the less potent corticosteroids 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol and are used in ...
[30] [70] [71] [72] Although spironolactone is said to be a relatively weak inhibitor of 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase, [73] [30] at least compared to more potent steroidogenesis inhibitors like ketoconazole and abiraterone acetate (which can reduce testosterone concentrations to castrate levels), this action may contribute to a significant ...