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A military order (Latin: militaris ordo) is a Christian religious society of knights. The original military orders were the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, the Order of Saint James, the Order of Calatrava, and the Teutonic Knights.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, [a] and commonly known as the Order of Malta or the Knights of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of a military, chivalric, and noble nature. [4]
The Knights Templar were dismantled in the Rolls of the Catholic Church in 1309. Following the suppression of the Order, a number of Knights Templar joined the newly established Order of Christ, which effectively reabsorbed the Knights Templar and its properties in AD 1319, especially in Portugal.
Before 1910, it was known as the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, [b] and the Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ. [ c ] It was founded in 1319, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with the protection of King Denis of Portugal , after the Templars were abolished on 22 March 1312 by the papal bull , Vox in excelso , issued by Pope Clement V .
The Knights Hospitaller operated a wide network of properties in the Middle Ages from their successive seats in Jerusalem, Acre, Cyprus, Rhodes and eventually Malta. In the early 14th century, they received many properties and assets previously in the hands of the Knights Templar.
Hospitaller Malta, known in Maltese history as the Knights' Period (Maltese: Żmien il-Kavallieri, [3] [4] lit. ' Time of the Knights ' ), was a de facto state which existed between 1530 and 1798 when the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo were ruled by the Order of St. John of Jerusalem .
The Knights Templar. Membership is by invitation only. Candidates are required to be Master Masons, Royal Arch Masons, and to believe in the Christian Holy Trinity. Knights Templar meet in Preceptories. The Order is administrated from Mark Masons' Hall, London; members may also join the Knights of Malta or the Knight Templar Priests.
The Knights Templar confer three orders, and one passing order as opposed to the standard degree system found elsewhere in Freemasonry: The Illustrious Order of the Red Cross; The Passing Order of St. Paul (or the Mediterranean Pass) The Order of the Knights of Malta (or simply Order of Malta) The Order of the Temple