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Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
There are two major classes of cardiac fibrillation: atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of atria. It can be a chronic condition, usually treated with anticoagulation and sometimes with conversion to normal sinus rhythm.
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is an abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver. [2] It is due to disorganized electrical activity . [ 2 ] Ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest with loss of consciousness and no pulse . [ 1 ]
12-lead ECG of ventricular fibrillation. Primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) is an unpredictable [1] and potentially fatal arrhythmia occurring during the acute phase of a myocardial infarction leading to immediate collapse and, if left untreated, leads to sudden cardiac death within minutes.
Defibrillation is often an important step in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] CPR is an algorithm-based intervention aimed to restore cardiac and pulmonary function. [ 6 ] Defibrillation is indicated only in certain types of cardiac dysrhythmias , specifically ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia .
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