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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
Lobar pneumonia is a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space resulting in consolidation that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung. [1] [2] It is one of three anatomic classifications of pneumonia (the other being bronchopneumonia and atypical pneumonia).
On a chest X-ray, the sail sign is a radiologic sign that suggests left lower lobe collapse. [1] In children, however, a sail sign could be normal, reflecting the shadow of the thymus. [2] The thymic sail sign or spinnaker-sail sign is due to elevation of the thymic lobes in the setting of pneumomediastinum. [3]
Juxtaphrenic peak sign is a radiographic sign seen in lobar collapse or after lobectomy of the lung. [1] [2] This sign was first described by Katten and colleagues in 1980, and therefore, it is also called Katten's sign. [3] The juxtaphrenic peak is most commonly caused due to the traction from the inferior accessory fissure.
Prior to the advent of anti-tuberculous medications, pneumothoraces were intentionally caused by healthcare providers in people with tuberculosis in an effort to collapse a lobe, or entire lung, around a cavitating lesion. This was known as "resting the lung".
Since laboratory testing, imaging, and bronchoalveolar lavage results are often non-specific, guidelines recommend surgical biopsy to diagnose desquamative interstitial pneumonia if high-resolution computed tomography does not reveal classic signs of interstitial pneumonia. [17] A definitive diagnosis of DIP relies on a lung biopsy. [18]
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
Chest Imaging: either chest x-ray or CT scan, must show bilateral opacities that cannot be fully explained by other conditions such as effusion, lung/lobar collapse, or lung nodules. Origin of Edema: respiratory failure that cannot be fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload, this needs objective assessment such as an echocardiogram .