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The phase-down mandated by the AIM Act will lead to R-410A's replacement by other refrigerants beginning in 2022. Alternative refrigerants are available, including hydrofluoroolefins , R-454B (a zeotropic blend of R-32 and R-1234yf ), hydrocarbons (such as propane R-290 and isobutane R-600A ), and even carbon dioxide ( R-744 , GWP = 1).
According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon -carbon multiple bonds , there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next.
Being phased out: A widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and powerful greenhouse gas with a GWP equal to 1810. Worldwide production of R-22 in 2008 was about 800 Gg per year, up from about 450 Gg per year in 1998. R-438A (MO-99) is a R-22 replacement. [71] R-123 HCFC-123 CHCl 2 CF 3: 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane: 292 79 US phase-out
As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) [1] including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are often substituted for R-22 because of their lower ozone depletion potential, but these refrigerants often have a higher GWP. R-410A, for example, is often substituted, but has a GWP of 2088. Another substitute is R-404A with a GWP of 3900. Other substitute refrigerants are available with low GWP.
Pentafluoroethane in a near azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane is known as R-410A, a common replacement for various chlorofluorocarbons (commonly known as Freon) in new refrigerant systems. Fire suppression systems
According to List of refrigerants R-410a is 50% CH 2 F 2 and 50% C 2 HF 5. While CH 2 F 2 appears in Table 2.14 on page 212 of the cited IPCC Assessment Report 4 (AR4) 2007, C 2 HF 5 does not. The reason is that the latter is not in a canonical form in List of refrigerants. I have repaired the formula for HFC-125 there.
A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), [1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles.