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Bile (yellow material) in a liver biopsy stained with hematoxylin-eosin in a condition called cholestasis (setting of bile stasi). Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
16th-century German illustration of the four humors: Flegmat (phlegm), Sanguin (blood), Coleric (yellow bile) and Melanc (black bile), divided between the male and female sexes Humorism , the humoral theory , or humoralism , was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman ...
Likewise for being too calm and reserved or "phlegmatic" from too much phlegm; excessively sad or "melancholic" from too much black bile; and too angry or "choleric" from excess yellow bile. [10] The properties of these humours also corresponded to the four seasons. Thus blood, which was considered hot and wet, corresponded to spring.
The second was that humoral balance was the basis of illness or health, the four humours being blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile, relating to the four Greek classical elements of air, water, earth, and fire respectively. Galen believed that blood was the dominant humour and the one in most need of control.
In medicine, both ancient and modern, a dyscrasia is any of various disorders. The word has ancient Greek roots meaning "bad mixture". [1] The concept of dyscrasia was developed by the Greek physician Galen (129–216 AD), who elaborated a model of health and disease as a structure of elements, qualities, humors, organs, and temperaments (based on earlier humorism).
Bilirubin, a yellow bilin, is a breakdown product of heme Bilins , bilanes or bile pigments are biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins . Bilin (also called bilichrome) was named as a bile pigment of mammals , but can also be found in lower vertebrates , invertebrates , as well as red algae ...
It places emphasis on disease not being of divine origin, but rather an imbalance of the four humors (collection of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) in the body. [2] This was the first introduction of the theory of four humors which was used to explain and diagnose any disease or ailment as an imbalance of these four humors in the ...
Blockage or obstruction of the bile duct by gallstones, scarring from injury, or cancer prevents the bile from being transported to the intestine and the active ingredient in the bile instead accumulates in the blood. This condition results in jaundice, where the skin and eyes become yellow from the bilirubin in the blood. This condition also ...