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Metacognitive training (MCT) is an approach for treating the symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, [1] especially delusions, [2] which has been adapted for other disorders such as depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder and borderline over the years (see below). It was developed by Steffen Moritz and Todd Woodward.
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy focused on modifying metacognitive beliefs that perpetuate states of worry, rumination and attention fixation. [1] It was created by Adrian Wells [ 2 ] based on an information processing model by Wells and Gerald Matthews. [ 3 ]
The training consists of 8 modules and can be obtained cost-free from the internet in 15 languages. [121] [122] Studies confirm the training's feasibility [124] and efficacy in ameliorating positive psychosis symptoms. [125] [126] Studies of single training module show that this intervention target specific cognitive biases. [127]
Up to 15% of the general population may experience auditory hallucinations (though not all are due to psychosis). The prevalence of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia is generally put around 70%, but may go as high as 98%. Reported prevalence in bipolar disorder ranges between 11% and 68%. [19]
Open Dialogue (OD) developed from Need-Adapted Treatment as described by Alanen and colleagues in the early 1990s. This approach took shape within the mental health services of Finnish Western Lapland in the 1980s and 1990s. During its initial research and training in psychotherapy, seven key principles were identified: [6] providing immediate help
Abuse can lead to seizures, brain damage, psychosis, and paralysis, and accidents involving drivers huffing nitrous have become increasingly common as the substance gains popularity with young people.
Multidisciplinary clinical teams providing an intensive case management approach for the first three to five years. The approach is similar to assertive community treatment, but with an increased focus on the engagement and treatment of this previously untreated population and the provision of evidence based, optimal interventions for clients in their first episode of psychosis.
Through MCT, patients first discover their own metacognitive beliefs, then are shown how these beliefs lead to unhelpful responses, and finally are taught how to respond to these beliefs in a productive way. MCT typically lasts for around 8-12 sessions and therapy includes experiments, attentional training technique, and detached mindfulness.