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  2. Instruction pipelining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

    In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...

  3. Hazard (computer architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)

    Bubbling the pipeline, also termed a pipeline break or pipeline stall, is a method to preclude data, structural, and branch hazards. As instructions are fetched, control logic determines whether a hazard could/will occur. If this is true, then the control logic inserts no operation s (NOP s) into the pipeline. Thus, before the next instruction ...

  4. Branch predictor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_predictor

    The purpose of the branch predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline. Branch predictors play a critical role in achieving high performance in many modern pipelined microprocessor architectures. Figure 1: Example of 4-stage pipeline. The colored boxes represent instructions independent of each other.

  5. Pipeline (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_(computing)

    In computing, a pipeline or data pipeline [1] is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion. Some amount of buffer storage is often inserted between elements. Computer-related pipelines ...

  6. Pipeline stall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_stall

    In the design of pipelined computer processors, a pipeline stall is a delay in execution of an instruction in order to resolve a hazard. [1] Details

  7. Operand forwarding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operand_forwarding

    Operand forwarding (or data forwarding) is an optimization in pipelined CPUs to limit performance deficits which occur due to pipeline stalls. [1] [2] A data hazard can lead to a pipeline stall when the current operation has to wait for the results of an earlier operation which has not yet finished.

  8. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    In simpler CPUs, the instruction cycle is executed sequentially, each instruction being processed before the next one is started. In most modern CPUs, the instruction cycles are instead executed concurrently, and often in parallel, through an instruction pipeline: the next instruction starts being processed before the previous instruction has finished, which is possible because the cycle is ...

  9. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    For example, many implementations of the instruction pipeline only allow a single memory load or memory store per instruction, leading to a load–store architecture (RISC). For another example, some early ways of implementing the instruction pipeline led to a delay slot.