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Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
In 899, Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah announced that he was the "Imam of the Time" being also the fourth direct descendant of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the very same dynasty, and proclaimed his previous three descendant Da'is to have been "hidden Imams".
Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
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Imams (complete list) – Muhammad al-Mahdi, Imam (874–present) Shia belief holds that he was hidden by Allah in 874. Marja' (current list) Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani (1993–2009) Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1980–2007) Ali Khamenei (1985–present) Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim (1981–2021) Hossein Noori-Hamedani(2000–present)
The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, [7] as the imperial authority rapidly transitioned into the hands of the Turks, [8] particularly after al-Mutawakkil. [ 9 ] Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition. [ 12 ]
923) were among the first who reported hadiths that set the number of Shia imams at twelve. In particular, al-Kulayni dedicates a chapter in his hadith collection Kitab al-Kafi to the number of imams. [19] Sulaym's version of the hadith is also cited by the Shia authors al-Kulayni, al-Nu'mani (tenth century), and al-Tusi (d.
List of Male Sahaba; List of Female Sahaba; Sahaba: Companions of the Prophet; The Companions of the Prophet as seen by the Shi'a and the Sunnis ; Sermons of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali b. Abi Talib, from Nahj al-Balaghah; Names of Sahabiyat