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Mummia, mumia, or originally mummy referred to several different preparations in the history of medicine, from "mineral pitch" to "powdered human mummies". It originated from Arabic mūmiyā "a type of resinous bitumen found in Western Asia and used curatively" in traditional Islamic medicine, which was translated as pissasphaltus (from "pitch ...
A mummified man likely to be Ramesses I. A mummy is a dead human or an animal whose soft tissues and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
However, Mitogenomic diversity in sacred ibis mummies indicates that ancient Egyptians captured the birds from the wild rather than farming them. [28] At the town of Hermopolis, ibises were reared specifically for sacrificial purposes, and in the Ibis Galleries at Saqqara, archaeologists found the mummies of one and a half million ibises. [29]
The bandage technique (guessed to be 2620-2000 BCE, but there is a lack of radiocarbon dating) has only been found to be present in three infants. The technique is a mixture of black and red mummies, in that the body was taken apart and reinforced in the style of black mummies but the head was treated in the same way as red mummies are.
The oldest mummies of South America come from the northern Chilean Chinchorro culture. The mummies of the higher classes were decorated with golden crowns, earrings and noserings. Mummification was a common practice in South American cultures. The Nazca, Paracas and Chachapoya of Peru conducted mummifications. [11]
The Tarim Basin, with the Taklamakan Desert, and area of the Tarim mummies ( ) with main burial sites. Sir Aurel Stein in the Tarim Basin, 1910. At the beginning of the 20th century, European explorers such as Sven Hedin, Albert von Le Coq and Sir Aurel Stein all recounted their discoveries of desiccated bodies in their search for antiquities in Central Asia. [14]
The maintenance of the mummies is the subject of a long-running dispute between the local government of Guanajuato, which has jurisdiction over the mummies, and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), which insists on taking over the administration of the mummies as part of the national patrimony. In 2023, INAH warned that ...
A hieroglyph depicting the mummy of the deceased Aztec ruler, Ahuitzotl, followed by his living successor. A mummy is the Aztec hieroglyph for death. [4] In Aztec written documentation of historical events, such as the death of a ruler or warrior, a mummy glyph will be connected to a glyph denoting the person's name and another glyph denoting the year of the event.