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The Maroons of the smaller town of Accompong were unable to cope with the growing numbers of runaways in western Jamaica, who found refuge elsewhere in the Cockpit Country. The Accompong Maroons tried but failed in their attempts to disperse the runaway community established by Cuffee in the Cockpit Country in 1798. [ 63 ]
The First Maroon War was a conflict between the Jamaican Maroons and the colonial British authorities that started around 1728 and continued until the peace treaties of 1739 and 1740. It was led by Indigenous Jamaican born to the land who helped liberated Africans to set up communities in the mountains who were coming off of slave ships.
Around 1800, several hundred Jamaican maroons were transported to Freetown, the first settlement of Sierra Leone. Eventually, in the 1840s, about 200 Trelawny Maroons returned to Jamaica, and settled in the village of Flagstaff in the parish of St James, not far from Trelawny Town, which is now named Maroon Town, Jamaica. [59]
In all, 64 Maroons left Sierra Leone for Jamaica on the Hector alone. Most Sierra Leone Maroons lived in Freetown, and between 1837 and 1844, Freetown's Maroon population shrank from 650 to 454, suggesting that about 200 made their way back to Jamaica. [27] As many as one-third of the Maroons in Sierra Leone returned to Jamaica in the 1840s. [28]
The self-liberated Africans were called Maroons, after the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning “runaway slave”. [6] The Leeward Maroons most likely emerged in 1690 when there was a Coromantee rebellion on Sutton's estate in western Jamaica, and most of these enslaved Africans ran away to form the Leeward Maroons. [7]
The first English governor of the Colony of Jamaica, Edward D'Oyley, was unable to defeat de Serras, and the job of taking on the Karmahaly Maroons fell to Thomas Modyford, who became governor in 1664. The following year, Modyford declared war on the Karmahaly Maroons, and offered rewards for capturing and killing members of de Serras' group. [5]
The Second Maroon War of 1795–1796 was an eight-month conflict between the Maroons of Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town), a Maroon settlement later renamed after Governor Edward Trelawny at the end of First Maroon War, located near Trelawny Parish, Jamaica in the St James Parish, and the British colonials who controlled the island.
The Maroons were descendants of the runaway slaves of Jamaica. These slaves were primarily of Akan heritage, but also of Spanish, Miskito, and Taino heritage. [3] [4] Originally known as Cudjoe's Town, under the leadership of Cudjoe, these Leeward Maroons fought for their independence during the First Maroon War of the 1730s. When Cudjoe signed ...